THE TERROR OF THE WHITE ARMY
Exhibit 1
White army, black generals: the memoirs of the whites. – Yaroslavl: Verkhnevolzhskoe publishing house, 1991. – 286 p.
K. I. P. B. V. Fedyuk. Civil war: On the other side of the front
“Pages of memories R. B. Gulya full descriptions of executions and cruel executions. The author will not be accused of exaggeration and bias. “The shooting of prisoners of the Bolsheviks, wrote in the reviews of the book ghoul emigre magazine is also true for the first little Volunteer the army was United not only by patriotism, but by hatred Bolshevism, bringing this hatred on all its members” (Military collection. – Belgrade. KN. 1. 1921. – P. 190).
Massacres was not a random incident, but part of a program that made a bet on fear. Kornilov, sending volunteers to fight, said “Captured not to take. The greater the terror, the greater the victory” (S. M. Paul. With Kornilov // White matter. Vol. 3. – Berlin, 1927. – P. 67).
The tone was set by personal involvement in the executions of General Markov the commander of the Kornilov regiment Colonel Mezentsev and other higher officers” (p.11).
Exhibit 2
R. Gul [fought in the Volunteer army]. Ice March
“On the porch of the priest. “Father, you funeral Kornilov?”. He hesitated… “Oh Woe, Woe, man, what was unusual… He lived with me for a few days, amazing right. Much you lost, a lot” (P. 94)
“Prisoners of war. They were overtaken by the Colonel Nejentsev, galloping to us, stopped below him the dancing mouse-colored Mare.
“I wish to massacre!” – he shouts.
“What is it? – I think. – Execution? Is it real?”
Yeah, I realized that the shooting here of 50-60 people with their heads down and hands. I looked around at his officers. “Suddenly, no one will”, – flashed. No – out of the series… Silent groans. Stopped shots. Some were shot away. Some finished with bayonets and rifle butts were still alive” (p.60).
“Caught a few people. Are going to shoot. “You soldiers… your mother!? – shouts one voice.
“Soldier, but I swear to God, do not shoot, for pity’s sake! I am innocent!” – almost crying another.
“Don’t shoot… your mother?!” Revolver shot. Hard with the thud of a falling body. Still shot” (p. 61)
“In the evening, in the presence of Kornilov, Alekseev and the other generals, bury our slain in battle. There were three of them. Seventeen were wounded. The Bench [to storm the village] was 507 dead” (p. 64)
“took prisoners. Second Lieutenant To the second is with a rifle at the ready before him a young boy shouting: “Take! For pity’s sake!” “And… your mother! Where you in the stomach, in the chest? Say…” furiously, brutally shouting To my. “Pity, uncle!” “Ah! Ah!” – heard the hoarse sounds like chopped firewood. “Ah! Ah!” and in sync with it Lieutenant By the second strikes with a bayonet in the chest, in the stomach standing in front of him a boy… the Moans… the body fell…” (p. 72)
“Once caught. And again, begging for mercy. Again brutal screams. “Run… your mother!” He runs, grabs his rifle, he knows it is “run”…
“Run… and then!” – bayonet near his body instinctively bounces running, looking back, and shouted a wild voice. In the crack shots from a dozen rifles, past, past, past… He runs… Screaming. I fell, tried to stand, fell and crawled hurriedly, hastily, as cat.
“Go away!” – someone shouts, Lieutenant G-HB runs to him with the mound. “I’m wounded! Down!” – shouting wildly creeping a G-HB-blank shooting him in the head” (p. 72)
Continued on goulue.
“A lot of prisoners there?” “Yes, didn’t take it… When we drove them beyond the village, we see a wounded bandaging the Captain… Yu shot the wounded, and the other by F. W. and took. Lead – he tells them, that mobilized, then another, and they argue who after the shooting take the pants (the pants were good). F. shouts, “Look, captain, I have a completely torn, and nothing else!” As sh says what it worse… Well, there is just us the order for the plant to go. Sh shot it up, threw it and my pants have not used” (P. 82-83).
Referred to the execution by the Bolsheviks of the priest, but for political denunciation colleague: “Look, among them pop! – “It’s not pop, is the deacon, it seems, from Gheorghe-Apinski. He’s an interesting case. He accused the priest before the “friends” counter-revolutionary. The priest was hanged, and he was made a priest” (P. 101).
Exhibit 3
G. D. Wheeler. The losers (edition verified for publication in “Archives the Russian revolution”. Vol. 7. – Berlin: Slovo, 1922. – Pp. 202-267).
“At first the sailors [who came white] has postradali. They foolishly left: our business, say, on the water, we with the cadets let us live… Well, everything as it should, in good faith: kicked them out for they say, made a ditch for himself up, and then down to the edge and revolvers alone. And then now in the ditch. So, believe me, they are like crabs in the ditch stir until filled. And then in the same place the whole earth moved: therefore did not seek to discourage others were.
And all in the back, with a sigh prepositura hohlushka. They are, and one officer, quite a young lad, now revolver click! – he flies in a hole… and a half Thousand killed…
The elder son smiled and tenderly looked at me.
– Explosive bullets too beat… dum-Dum… If in the back of his head hit Pulcheria will fold. One will fold, and the other staring, waiting” (p. 227)
“Red, is taken prisoner, he, he said, were ordered “long and boring” beat, and then “allowed to charge”.
Officers red, those always…
He perked up and with lit up eyes continued:
– Put him Judas, after questioning to the wall. Rifle at the ready, and slowly begin to put things… First, the eyes take aim; then quietly lead the barrel down to the belly, and boom! See him before the barrel twists, the belly retracts; as the bark on the fire, my dear shrugs, the anger will take: two times on it the barrel will hold, will suffer, and then it was over. But not immediately, and so to suffer to the full” (P. 254)
“- A wounded was not allowed to finish: let them feel” (P. 254)
A continuation by William
“I remember one officer from the detachment of the skins, from the so-called “wolf hundred”, characterized by horrible ferocity, telling me the details the victory over the gangs of Makhno, who seized, it seems, Mariupol, even choked when he called the figure has already shot unarmed opponents:
Four thousand!..
He tried to soften the brutality of the message:
– Well, Yes also because they do not sow turnips as soon as you open them… But still…
And added in a low voice, so as not to notice his hesitation:
– About four thousand, not write… God knows that’s talking about us will be” (P. 255)
“We sometimes came a member of the court-martial, officer-Petersburger… This, even with famous and proudly narrated of his exploits: when carried in his court, the death sentence, rubbing pleasure your groomed hands. Time sentenced to the loop a woman, he came to me, drunk with joy.
– The inheritance received?
– What is there! First. You know, the first today!.. Night hang in jail will be…
Remember his story about intellegent green. Among them there are doctors, teachers, engineers…
– Caught him on the word “comrade”. He is a cutie, I he says when he came to him with a search warrant. Friend says, you here? Made that he was the organizer of theirs gangs. The most dangerous type. However, to get the consciousness had its lightly fry in the open spirit, as expressed once my cook. First silent: zygomaticus toss and turn; well, then, needless to confess when heel it browned on the grill… Amazing camera this is grill! Ordered him after that to the historical pattern, the English Cavaliers. In the middle of the village breaks a pole; tied it higher; wound round the skull rope through the rope slipped number u circular rotation! I had a long twist. First he didn’t know what to do; but soon guessed and escape tried. There it was. And the crowd, I ordered the entire village to drive away for edification – looking and understands the same. However, these got it on the run, their whips, stopped. In the end the soldiers refused to turn; the officers took. And suddenly we hear: crack! – skull granula, and he hung like a rag. Edifying spectacle” (P. 255-256).
“what happened the dungeons counterintelligence Novorossiysk, reminded the darkest times of the middle ages. To get to this scary place and thence to the grave, it could not be more easy. He had only some agent to find a happy inhabitant of the district Volunteer army sufficient, he, the agent, the concept, amount of money, and he could to establish a hunt for him by all the rules of counterintelligence art. Could just shoot him in a secluded spot, to put incriminating the document, a gross fraud, and the deed was done. The robber-agent, according to the laws on this subject published, got something around 80 percent of the amount found in the arrested or killed “Commissioner”” (P. 259-260).
Exhibit 4
A. Danilov, L. Kosulina. History of Russia: XX century. – M.: Education, 1995
“Mandate of A. I. Denikin Special meeting.
In connection with my order this year to No. 175 order the Special meeting make at the base of its activities the following provisions.
1. …Protection of the faith…
3. A military dictatorship… that sort of opposition right and left to punish.
7. To improve the military front and the rear of the work especially assigned generals with wide powers, structure of field and court use extreme repression” (P. 113).
Exhibit 5
Newspaper “Red Star”, the exact number can not remember, but somewhere circa may 1998 (if there is any doubt, you can clarify)
April 27, 1998, the military Prosecutor of the Transbaikal military district refused to be rehabilitated as victims of political repression, Admiral Kolchak (he was shot in 1920 by order of Irkutsk the military revolutionary Committee). Grounds for objection – the Prosecutor’s office has documents showing that Kolchak knew about the mass executions of civilians by his military counterintelligence, and have not stopped terror.
Readings in the history of Russia, 1917-1940 gg / Under the editorship of Professor M. Of Bakhtin. – M.: Aspect-press, 1994. – 446 p.
“From the higher Church administration to host to host, striving on all fronts
Extract
Soldiers of Christ, valiant defenders of the Holy Church and the dear Of the Motherland! I appeal to You with a word of greetings and Christian love The Supreme Ecclesiastical authority, consisting of Bishops, Presbyters and lay people… Stand closer around their Supreme Leader [A. V. Kolchak. – Ed.] tightly close around him, their ranks, to protect Homeland from tyrants and traitors. The Holy Church sends you, the martyrs, his blessing and prays to the Lord for the strengthening of your forces in the struggle with the enemy. Remember, beloved, the more you work, the sweeter stay, the greater the reward from the Lord and mercy, and grateful fellow citizens – your eternal glory and honor. “Watch ye, stand fast in faith, courage, acroplastica” (1 Corinthians 16: 13) and “thou God is with us” (Matt. 1, 23).
Your faithful
Sylvester, Archbishop of Omsk and Pavlodar,
Benjamin, Archbishop of Siberia and Syzran,
Archpriest Vladimir Sadovsky”. (P. 135-136)
Exhibit 6
“From the order of the Governor of the Irkutsk and Yenisei province General S. N. Rozanova [special Commissioner of Kolchak in Krasnoyarsk]. 27 Mar 1919
Head of the military units operating in the area of the revolt:
1. During the occupation of villages previously seized by robbers, demand the extradition of their leaders, and leaders; if this does not happen, and reliable information about the presence of any, is to shoot the tenth.
2. The villages where the population meet the government forces with weapons, burn; of the adult male population to shoot polls; property, horses, wagons, bread and so on to select in favor of Treasury.
Note. All selected should be carried out by order of the squad…
6. Among the population to take hostages, in the case of actions of the villagers, directed against government troops, shoot the hostages ruthlessly” (P. 155).
Exhibit 7
“Order No. 564 General Majkowskis about the massacre of the rebels Kolchak against the peasants. 30 Sep 1919
1. In every village of the area of the uprising in detail to search the captured with in arms, as enemies, to be shot on the spot.
2. To arrest on the testimony of local residents of all agitators, members of the The Soviets, who aided in the rebellion, deserters, collaborators and concealers and to bring to court-martial.
4.Local authorities, which due resistance to bandits, performing orders not accepted all measures to eliminate red its means, to bring to court-martial, the punishment to increase up to and including the death penalty.
5. Risen again of the village to eliminate with renewed rigor, until the destruction of the entire village” (p. 158).
Exhibit 8
The Moscow Kremlin. – Moscow, 1990
“At that time, the Kremlin guard was carrying bolshevistkoy configured 56th reserve infantry regiment and the command of the soldiers at the Arsenal. 28 Oct (November 10), 1917, the cadets managed to break into the Kremlin.” “They disarmed the soldiers of the reserve regiment and the guard of the Arsenal, built them ostensibly to check documents and shot from guns” (P. 15).
Exhibit 9
With regard to terrorism as policy
Denikin: “Military dictatorship… Any counter to the right and left to punish.
7. …the use of extreme repression”
“adult male population to shoot polls”
***mass executions of hostages***
“Among the population to take hostages, in the case of actions of the villagers, directed against government troops, shoot the hostages mercilessly”
Exhibit 10
“The “white” went to Russia as conquerors. According to “white” historian Alexander Zaitsev, after “white” was the “wave of the rebellious lower classes”. In the words of Western historians, in Russia then there was “interclass unity of the lower classes”, which had rejected the project “white”. Rejected as a whole and not for details. And not because of the “white terror”, albeit in terror “white” was different. Case “enlightened ruler” Kolchak was even embarrassed by the Czechs. 13 Nov 1919, they issued a Memorandum: “Under the protection of Czechoslovak bayonets the local Russian military authorities allow yourself the actions to which horrified the entire civilized world. The burning of villages, the beating of innocent Russian citizens… etc D.” Recall that Kolchak was shot by the deputies of the Constituent Assembly, gathered in Omsk. Here you have “Denver”! Agree, the dispersal and the shooting – not the same thing. The hatred of the lower classes (mostly peasants) and the elite “white” was mutual and took almost a racial nature. He writes about this in his memoirs “Essays on Russian troubles” Denikin. The same hatred of the Russian the common people breathe and “Damned days” Bunin. “Red” same (Chapayev or Shchors) was with them “one race”.” S. G. Kara-Murza Not once lied… the newspaper “Tomorrow” N 46(363) from 14-10-2000
http://www.thewalls.ru/facts/whites.htm
Exhibit 10
Prof. Kazan University A. Litvin. Red and the white terror of 1918-1922. – M.: Eksmo, 2004
gene. V. S. Denisov: “it was Difficult… power to pardon was not necessary… Every order – if not punishment, then a warning about it… Persons convicted of collaboration with the Bolsheviks, had, without any mercy to destroy. Temporarily it was necessary to profess rule: “it is Better to punish ten innocent than to justify the guilty one” (p. 180).
29 April 1920, Wrangel order demanded “mercilessly shoot all the commissioners and the Communists captured” (p. 187)
“The former Chairman of Taurian province Zemstvo Council V. Obolensky came to the conclusion that when The Wrangel “continued mass arrests not only the guilty but also innocent, still over the guilty and the innocent carried out his massacre simplified military justice” (P. 188)
“General Kutepov said directly that “there is nothing to make judicial rigmarole, shoot and… all” (p. 189) the staff captain Frolov: “sympathy for Bolshevism had to shoot all the men from 18 to 55 years of age, and then to start up “cock”. Making sure that from Kargalinsky left the ashes, we went to the Church” (p.168).
“October 12, 1919, General K. V. Sakharov (1881-1941), commander Western army, issued an order demanding the execution of every tenth hostage or resident, and in the case of a mass armed uprising against the army – shooting all inhabitants and burning the village to the ground” (P. 173)
American General V. Grevs “In Eastern Siberia committed horrible murders, but they are not committed by the Bolsheviks, as is commonly thought. I will not be mistaken if I say that in the Eastern Siberia for each person killed by the Bolsheviks, had a hundred people killed by anti-Bolshevik elements” (P. 174)
Exhibit 11
The kings is one curious moment. Run the gauntlet in 1st half-no The 19th century was almost legal method of execution in the statistics in this not included. Ermolov in the “Notes” as ordinary business writes the punishment of murderers: “driven to the crime scene to of death”, i.e. strikes are not considered beaten until they die. Famous resolution of Nicholas I: “Thank God the death penalty have not happened”, only “guilty to drive through thousand twelve time.” Or excitement of military settlers in Chuguev Alexander I when 29 people, for which the death penalty was replaced by the rods, were stoned to death.
Ms. Cat’s Chronicles 